TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION WORLD
3D PRINTER
3D PRINTER
Arranged
by:
Irfan Sabdho Musthofa
Kevin Aditiya Sadewo
Nabil Jelang Ramadhan
Nur Irfan Fadilah
Rosiyana Dwi Anggarani
Syahrul Arifin
Zainul Faden
1IA11
Teknik Informatika
UNIVERSITAS GUNADARMA
DEPOK
DEPOK
2016
Abstract
The need to print no longer just
on paper. Advances in technology can realize what is in your imagination into a
more tangible form and can be felt by touch. The presence of 3D printers answer
the needs will print a digital design into a real product. 3D printer is the
process of making a three-dimensional solid objects from a digital design into
a 3D shape that is not only visible but also held and has volume. 3D printer is
achieved by using an additive process, in which an object is created by laying
successive layers of material. 3D printing is a different process than
traditional machining techniques (subtractive process) is largely dependent on
the removal of material by drilling, cutting and others.
In contrast to the conventional
technology. To create an object, it takes a long and complicated process to
make the first molding tool (mold, die, cast). This of course requires
investment mold less economical if only to make one object. 3D Printer is a
remarkable new technology. While we have not finished admiring printer products
2D which may result in amazing image quality or can produce works of 2D unique
like a sticker, printer DTG for garments and others, then some technicians
great in this world has been able to create a printer that can print object or
objects in the 3D view. Resin made up of stainless steel made from iron.
History
If judging from history, the
actual 3D printer technology has been around since the 1980s. 3D printing was
first implemented by the inventor of the 3D system that Charles Hull in 1984.
Then in 1986, Hull put forward the idea of stereo lithography, a method of
making solid objects by printing a thin layer and arranged in increments.
Two years later, in 1988, British
inventor Scott Crump found the technology Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is a
method of making prototypes with material melting process. Technology found
Crump has an important role in the development of 3D printing technology, which
is able to transform into a soft solid material.
In 1993, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology (MIT) developed a 3D printer technology with a patented
three-dimensional printing techniques that modify the two-dimensional printer
technology. And in 1996, the 3D printer is produced by Z Corp., Stratasys and
3D Systems, which subsequently exhibited to the public for the first time.
Since that time, a 3D printer
capabilities are increasingly being developed, especially in terms of printing
results. In 2003, the use of 3D printers are increasingly extensive and covers
a wide range of fields. From the start the field of architecture, automotive,
furniture, aerospace, medical, to education. From there comes a variety of open
source software is even easier for the 3D printing process.
Explanation
What is 3D printing?
3D printing is a
process of making three dimensional solid objects from a digital file. The
creation of a 3D printed object is achieved using additive processes. In an
additive process an object is created by laying down successive layers of
material until the entire object is created. Each of these layers can be seen
as a thinly sliced horizontal cross-section of the eventual object.
Advantages:
1.
Ability to customize products
Customization
is the norm when it comes to 3D printing. With the desired raw material, a 3D
printer, and the required blueprint, you can “manufacture” any object you want,
with the specifications and design of your choice.
2.
Rapid production of prototypes
3D
printing enables quick production of prototypes or small-scale versions of the
real object. This helps researchers and engineers plan the actual object and
catch any design flaws that may affect quality and functionality.
3.
Low cost of production
Although
the initial cost of setting up a 3D printing facility may be high, the overall
savings in the form of labor costs, time saved, and equal effort for
small-scale and mass manufacturing ensures that the cost of production is
relatively low.
4.
No storage cost
Since
3D printers can “print” products as and when needed, and does not cost more
than mass manufacturing, no expense on storage of goods is required.
5.
Increased employment opportunities
Widespread
use of 3D printing technology will increase the demand for designers and
technicians to operate 3D printers and create blueprints for products.
6.
Quick availability of organs
The
long and often traumatic wait for an organ donor could come to an end with
advances in bio-printing or manufacture of 3D printed organs. Research is on to
create bio-printers that can create living organs along with the structural
lattice for the organ using the patient’s own cells and tissues.
Disadvantages:
1.
Intellectual property issues
The
ease with which replicas can be created using 3D technology raises issues over
intellectual property rights. The availability of blueprints online free of
cost may change with for-profit organizations wanting to generate profits from
this new technology.
2.
Unchecked production of dangerous items
Liberator,
the world’s first 3D printed functional gun, showed how easy it was to produce
one’s own weapons, provided one had access to the design and a 3D printer.
Governments will need to devise ways and means to check this dangerous
tendency.
3.
Limitations of size
3D
printing technology is currently limited by size constraints. Very large
objects are still not feasible when built using 3D printers.
4.
Limitations of raw material
At
present, 3D printers can work with approximately 100 different raw materials.
This is insignificant when compared with the enormous range of raw materials
used in traditional manufacturing. More research is required to devise methods
to enable 3D printed products to be more durable and robust.
5.
Cost of printers
The
cost of buying a 3D printer still does not make its purchase by the average
householder feasible. Also, different 3D printers are required in order to
print different types of objects. Also, printers that can manufacture in color
are costlier than those that print monochrome objects.
Having been around for
the last decade or so, 3D printing could be the technology of the future.
Engineers and technology enthusiasts are cautious about its future; however,
every big thing met with opposition and criticism initially.
Application
1.
3D
PRINTING FOR EDUCATION
Learning
can benefit from physical manipulation.
At Sculpteo we always use this phrase “An idea in the hand
is better than 10 ideas in the head” and there’s a lot of subjects where
learning becomes easier when you get it out of the books or off of the
screens. 3D printing naturally fits into curricula in areas where students are
required to exercise critical thinking, problem solving and design skills. In
order to illustrate these 2 ideas, we just gathered a few examples
from our clients and this info graphic from Onlinedegrees.org on how 3D
printing could be used in education.
·
3D
PRINTING IN MATHEMATIC CLASS
Math students can
print out “problems” to solve in their own learning spaces, from scale models
to city infrastructural design challenges. The 3D Prints of functions and
fractals makes it easier to understand these concepts and astonishing
shapes. The scientist Georges W
Hart has been
leading hands-on workshops for mathematics teachers across the US and
internationally, introducing them to the techniques needed to use
consumer-level 3D printers to enrich a math classroom. He stated “Workshop
participants are given a series of progressively more complex
design challenges and are also asked to come up with their own individual
objects of interest to create. (…) These techniques empower teachers and
students to create physical versions of anything that can be described
mathematically with algebraic, trigonometric, and Boolean functions. They
introduce students to the creative side of mathematics and provide a powerful
motivation for learning the details.
·
3D
PRINTING IN GEOGRAPHY
What if you could take data from
any spreadsheet and bring it into the physical world; population growth,
international spending, or even popular vacation spots? Production of
topography, demographic, or population maps in 3D is changing the way students
are learning geography. Volker
Schweifurth is
one of the explorers of this new field and explained in an previous article on
our blog the benefit of 3D Printed Data vision: “Regarding final
thoughts for ‘Melies Art’ I’d just like to share with your readers that these
data prints are teaching tools and art pieces; but at the core, these prints
are a way to slow down the quick pace that we receive data. By making data
tangible and literally touch-able it makes a bigger impression on you.
·
3D
PRINTING IN BIOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
Chemistry students can print out
3D models of molecules and biology students can print out cells, viruses,
organs, and other critical biological artifacts. The 3D
printed reproduction allows the pupils, especially the most
kinesthetic of them, to understand a process or how it works. For instance this
brain replica is an appropriate tool for students to understand the neurologic
activity.
2.
3D
PRINTING FOR INDUSTRIES
·
3D
Printing in Architecture
Create Your Scale Models Faster.
Seeing is believing. Stratasys 3D Printing helps architectural firms seize more
opportunities by creating complex, durable models in-house, directly from CAD.
Stratasys 3D printing
technology produces astonishingly smooth, detailed architectural models in an
array of materials, including rigid photopolymers ready for painting and
finishing.
·
3D
Printing In Automotive
Create
Assembly Aids & End Use Parts. By building durable concept models,
prototypes, tooling and low-volume end-use parts in-house, automotive engineers
and designers can work more iteratively, test more thoroughly and move
confidently into production.
Designers use
Stratasys patented Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) Technology to create
resilient automotive prototypes and parts made from high-performance
engineering thermoplastics
·
3D
Printing in Aerospace
Get
Your Parts Off the Ground Faster. Aerospace engineers use Fused Deposition
Modeling (FDM) Technology for prototyping, tooling and part manufacturing. FDM
works with high-performance thermoplastics, including ULTEM 9085, to build jigs, fixtures, check gauges &
end-use parts.
Stratasys FDM
machines create parts with
temperature, chemical, UV, and environmental resistance, plus they
don’t absorb moisture. Those properties will give you an advantage over many of
the other printing systems.
3.
3D
PRINTING FOR HEALTH
·
3D
Printing in Medical
Print for medical products and
test procedures. Stratasys offers the world’s most advanced 3D printing
solutions, allowing medical manufacturers, doctors, and researchers to create
parts for patient care and advanced experimental work.
Stratasys FDM and
Polyjet machines offer Bio-compatible
Materials, for rapid prototyping of medical and dental products
including dental delivery devices, surgical orthopedic guides, and hearing
aids. The medical materials offer excellent visualization and great dimensional
stability.
·
3D
Printing in Dental
We
Make Digital Dentistry Happen. 3D printing takes the efficiencies of digital
design to the production stage. By combining oral scanning, CAD/CAM design and 3D
printing, dental labs can accurately and rapidly produce crowns, bridges, stone
models and a range of orthodontic appliances.
Working
The workings of a 3-dimensional
printing machines are generally divided into three stages of the process: the
first stage object modeling, second stage and third stage of completion of
printing. Phase manufacture 3-dimensional
objects can be created on a computer or a three-dimensional scanner. Phase
printing using the basic principles of Additive Layer with the circuit design
process of three-dimensional reading machine and began to systematically
compile layer of the first layer / lows until the last / complete. on this
layer merging 3D model is done automatically to form a complete arrangement
intact. Of course with this technique can make any shape indefinitely.
Finishing stage can manually so that part of the complex could be more perfect
that may be caused by the size of which is not in accordance with the desired.
Some 3D Printer Brands
·
UP PLUS UP Mini 3D Printers and 3D
Printer
·
Da Vinci produced by XYZ Printing
Company Taiwan
·
Makerbot
One product that has entered the 3D printer in
Indonesia are trademarks of Objet. Objet 3D printers use liquid resin
production that injected every 16 micron / layer and will harden once exposed
to UV light. The price in Indonesia 800jt cheapest and most expensive that 3
billion. He can print resin-hard, there is also that of rubber materials. Also
can mix that rigid and rubber. To reply to the resin mix machines that Connex
series. source: kaskus.co.id It turned out that the existing campuses in
Indonesia with his courses material namely: 3D Scanning & Printing
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